And that very simplicity is part of the problem. Because both the exhaust and transfer ports are open at the same time either exhaust is left in the cylinder, preventing complete combustion,or raw fuel is thrown out the exhaust. Either way you have a lot of unburned hydrocarbons, which contributes to photochemical smog, and the tress do not like it. What burns me is the rule that says if a metropolitan area has more than x days of high pollution, you must use oxygenated gas, i.e. ethanol, when I see all the POS cars driving by belching smoke and all the stupid truckers with leaking or worn out injectors belching black smoke. If we got the junk off the road maybe we'd have both cleaner air and could buy gas with less mileage reducing additives.