How to test voltage regulator output?

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there appears to be a 20 amp fuse in that wire. If that fuse(small chance) is blow or corroded(larger chance and possibly melted fuse holder) will cause the issues that you are having with the charging system.

This bypass wire is just replacing the purple wire in the diagram. If you get the temporary wire connected and it then charges then we know that the problem is in the purple wire. And you can go ahead and use your temporary wire as the direct replacement for the purple wire.

Deafening applause for you! You are a Titan! It was in fact that 20 amp fuse -- blown to smithereens. Replaced it and my battery charges at 14v with everything wired back to factory settings.

When I ran that temporary wire that you suggested, the battery charged as it should. Then I knew to I had to find that 20 amp fuse you saw in the wiring diagram. It was well hidden or I would have checked it first. Your suggestions were stellar and you saved the day. Thank you a trillion times over!!!