E-10 was introduced as a quick & dirty way to meet the initial world agreed emissions reductions.
The logic behind it is you burn 1.75 C-H4 ethanol molecules to get the same Hp as 1 C8-H18 ( petrol )
This is a bit simplified but basically because the ratio of H to C in ethanol is 4:1 and Octane is 2,25:1 ,so for the same energy, ethanol puts out 1.75 CO2 molecules and 3,5 H20 molecules where as petrol puts out 6 CO2 & 9 H20 molecules so less CO2 comes out the tail pipe.
When I used to be involved in racing, the same size engine would run a 450-500 main jet on ethanol as compared to a 300-325 main jet for petrol .
Sounds all warn & fuzzy in theory, save the planet less CO2 but in reality it is like urinating in the ocean unless we move to gasahol which is 85 to 90 and what South Africa ran during the BS trade embargo days & I think Brazil still runs to reduce foreign debt from buying crude .
Converting to strait Hydrogen is a far better way of doing the same thing except distributing hydrogen is a problem as it has a bad habit of going BANG, big time.
Trains & heavy transport will most likely go to hydrogen
Cat & JCB are already supplying hydrogen engines for heavy equipment where batteries would end up weighing more than the bulldoze they were trying to push.