Have a close look at the spindle that held the blade that got bent
While the 4 jug housings are a lot less prone to breaking than the previous 3 lug ones , they still break
The cracks are hard to see and of course close up when there is no stress on them, then open up when the blades are engaged.
As you have been watching the belt toss off, replace your eyes with a video .
Sit the camera / phone on a brick so it is nice & clear
You can then play it back at 1/2 speed and watch the belt throw off to see exactly where it is happening.
As for the engine, pull the blower housing off & the flywheel bolt to check the timing key.
When something stops the engine abruptly the flywheel can break free of the taper and crack / break the key so the engine is out of time .
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Being a pressed deck, the deck itself can also bend when you hit tree roots ,
Flip the deck.
Align all blades into a strait line across the deck then run a string line between the outer edges of the blades
If it does not touch both sides of each blade then a blade is bent or the deck is bent or the spindle housing is cracked.
Being a 3 blade deck you need to do this Left to right , left to front & right to front ,