With the key switch turned off there should be no connection to anything.
only 3 things get direct power
1) key switch
2) PTO switch
3) rectifier
Unplug each one of them.
Hook up the + lead but not the - one
Use a jumper to connect the - to an easy to get to spot up front .
Hook it up then one by one replace the plugs till one of them causes the fuse to pop.
Let us know what happens
You can get the wiring diagram for your mower off the Cub web page.
It will either be in the owners book or the parts book.