I, too, have a Craftsman rider mower purchased in 2016 that started doing that after 2 or 3 seasons. I purchased a new battery just like you and still had the same problem in a couple of months. (BTW,, I never left the key in the ignition.) I ended up getting a Battery Tender with a quick connect ring connector. Now I just plug it in whenever it's not in use. I never had that problem with the previous Craftsman I had for 12 years.
Craftman riders are now junk. In the first couple of seasons with light use with my current Craftsman, I had to replace a fan belt as well as a tire. Just last year, I had to replace the ignition switch because the reverse mow function broke. Even after 12 years, I never had to replace any of that on my old Craftsman. There's plastic where metal obviously needs to be. It built to have the shortest service life possible. When I have to replace my current Craftsman ( I seriously doubt it will last anywhere close to 12 years) I certainly won't be purchasing another Craftsman, that's for darn sure. Craftsman use to mean true quality but no longer.