The two things under the filter are the check valves. They are both the same part number so I would say one of them is not working properly. It has been awhile since I have been inside of one of those, but I am thinking they should both be down to prevent the pump from pushing the fluid back into the filter.
The balls work in a way that allows fluid to flow through them from the filter side into the pump. but not allow fluid to flow back out into the filter. One check valve opens at a time depending on what direction you push the lever to operate the swatch plate.