Sounds like all the throttle parts are working fine. the governor arm when the engine is running moves the throttle in the carb to set the engine speed. the governor spring at the bottom of picture number 3 is what controls how much tension is put on the governor to adjust engine speed. the fight between the governor gear on the inside of the engine, and the governor spring is what sets the engine speed at any given moment.
Most likely that is a 1902xx or 1904xx model engine. You will need to clean the rust off of the cover to be able to read the numbers.