Ethanol is a molecule that has hydrogen, carbon and carries an oxygen molecule. Octane carries only hydrogen and carbon. It has many more of both compared to ethanol. As a result, ethanol burns leaner, faster and produces less power. It results in a 12% faster rise in combustion pressures, and less burn duration time. That is more like you pushing your grandchild on a swing with anger than a loving push when compared to pushing a piston. In my opinion, it is all about certain people making money and not things running and lasting as efficiently as they could. The National Academy of Sciences in a 2024 study determined that ethanol laced fuels are far worse on the environment than E-0 fuels. More CO2 emissions too. Worse, ethanol is hygroscophic, and pulls H2O from the air. That introduces water to the fuel and causes corrosion. Some unscrupulous business people can add it before they sell the fuel because it dilutes in the ethanol without being visible (until it reaches saturation). To my knowledge there is no standard that limits the percentage of water in the ethanol, and that changes MPG when you are being sold water instead of fuel. Think about it. In a 10,000 gallon highway tanker of E10 gasoline, someone could drain off 40 gallons of fuel, add back 40 gallons of clear water, and that water would not be visible because ethanol will hold up to 5 - 6% water. That 40 gallons at $4 - $5 a gallon per load ... . Do the math. E-15 only makes all this worse but who cares. The American people will slop up to the trough just about anything they are told if, "But, it saves the planet," is added to the sentence. They will let all levels of their government dictate this.